{"id":8239,"date":"2026-05-05T08:53:32","date_gmt":"2026-05-04T22:53:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress.temp.irap-dev.org\/?page_id=8239"},"modified":"2026-05-19T10:37:43","modified_gmt":"2026-05-19T00:37:43","slug":"rap-resources-for-rism","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/irap.org\/pt\/where-we-work\/rap-in-europe\/rap-resources-for-rism\/","title":{"rendered":"Recursos do RAP para o RISM"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n    <section  class=\"page-header-block relative overflow-hidden min-h-[calc(50svh-84px)] md:min-h-[calc(100svh-84px)] bg-white\">\n\n                    <!-- Background Image -->\n            <div class=\"absolute inset-0 w-full h-full z-0\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                    src=\"https:\/\/irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/iStock-868999908-1-scaled.jpg\"\n                    alt=\"\"\n                    class=\"w-full h-full object-cover\"\n                    fetchpriority=\"high\"\n                >\n            <\/div>\n\n            <!-- Dark Overlay -->\n                            <div\n                    class=\"absolute inset-0 w-full h-full bg-black z-[1]\"\n                    style=\"opacity: 0.4;\"\n                ><\/div>\n                    \n        <!-- Content Container -->\n        <div class=\"container relative z-10 flex flex-col min-h-[calc(50svh-72px)] md:min-h-[calc(100svh-84px)] justify-end py-8\">\n\n            <!-- Full-screen layout: Title first, then breadcrumbs below -->\n                            <h1 class=\"anim text-white mb-0 pb-0\">\n                    RAP Resources for RISM                <\/h1>\n            \n                            <nav class=\"breadcrumb-wrapper text-sm anim\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\n                    <div id=\"breadcrumbs\" class=\"!font-semibold !text-white\"><\/div>                <\/nav>\n            \n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n    <section  class=\"text-editor-block section-pt-sm section-pb-none bg-white\">\n        <div class=\"container \">\n                            <h2 class=\"anim text-asphalt  text-left mb-6\">\n                    Supporting the implementation of RISM                <\/h2>\n            \n                            <!-- Single Column Layout -->\n                                    <div class=\"anim text-asphalt prose prose-lg text-left \">\n                        <p>The free<a href=\"https:\/\/irap.org\/methodology\">\u00a0RAP methodology<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/irap.org\/rap-tools\/\">tools<\/a> and resources are evidence-based and\u00a0 designed to be integrated within agency road operations and investment planning, and support the implementation of the European\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/dir\/2019\/1936\/oj\">Road Infrastructure Safety Management Directive (RISM)<\/a>.<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                            \n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n    <section  class=\"text-editor-block section-pt-sm section-pb-none bg-white\">\n        <div class=\"container \">\n                            <h2 class=\"anim text-asphalt   mb-8\">\n                    How the RAP tools can be integrated in your agency                <\/h2>\n            \n                            <!-- Two Column Layout -->\n                <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 lg:grid-cols-2 gap-8 lg:gap-14\">\n                    <div class=\"anim text-asphalt prose prose-lg \">\n                        <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c2d5e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9c2d5e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<p>RAP tools and resources can be embedded in road policy, planning, design and operations to both proactively and reactively manage risk for pedestrians, bicyclists, motorcyclists and vehicle occupants.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d9a723 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0d9a723\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<p>Fit-for-purpose tools include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irap.org\/rap-tools\/crash-data\/crash-risk-mapping\/\">Crash Risk Maps<\/a>\u00a0which use detailed crash data to capture the combined risk and safe system performance arising from the interaction of road users, vehicles and the road environment.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irap.org\/rap-tools\/infrastructure-ratings\/star-ratings\/\">Star Ratings<\/a>\u00a0which are an objective evidence-based measure of the level of safety which is \u2018built-in\u2019 to the road infrastructure for all road users. They can be used with existing roads and new road designs. 5-Star roads have the lowest risk, and 1-Star roads have the highest risk.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irap.org\/rap-tools\/trauma-estimation\/fatal-and-serious-injury-fsi-estimates\/\">Fatal and Serious Injury (FSI) Estimates<\/a>\u00a0which draw on Star Rating data, flow data for each road user and local network-level crash data to generate an estimation of FSIs on each segment of road.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irap.org\/rap-tools\/investment-planning\/safer-roads-investment-plans\/\">Safer Roads Investment Plans (SRIP)<\/a>\u00a0which draw on data underpinning Star Ratings and FSI Estimates to identify cost-effective road improvements that can maximise the prevention of deaths and serious injuries. Agencies can also adapt investment plans to meet local needs and priorities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"anim text-asphalt prose prose-lg \">\n                        <p><a href=\"https:\/\/downloads.eurorap.org\/General\/Free_global_RAP_Tools_supporting_RISM_and_SUMPS.pdf\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-8241\" src=\"https:\/\/wordpress.temp.irap-dev.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/IRAP.5189.RISM-Flyer-R7-1-724x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"428\" height=\"606\" srcset=\"https:\/\/irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/IRAP.5189.RISM-Flyer-R7-1-724x1024.jpg 724w, https:\/\/irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/IRAP.5189.RISM-Flyer-R7-1-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/IRAP.5189.RISM-Flyer-R7-1-768x1087.jpg 768w, https:\/\/irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/IRAP.5189.RISM-Flyer-R7-1-1086x1536.jpg 1086w, https:\/\/irap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/IRAP.5189.RISM-Flyer-R7-1.jpg 1290w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 428px) 100vw, 428px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            \n                            <div class=\"anim\">\n                    <div class=\"flex flex-wrap gap-4 mt-8 justify-start\"><a href=\"https:\/\/downloads.eurorap.org\/General\/Free_global_RAP_Tools_supporting_RISM_and_SUMPS.pdf\" class=\"btn btn-primary inline-flex items-center gap-2\" target=\"_self\">Download Global RAP Tools supporting RISM and SUMPS Flyer <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"h-5 w-5 -rotate-45 translate-x-0.5\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M10.293 3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0l6 6a1 1 0 010 1.414l-6 6a1 1 0 01-1.414-1.414L14.586 11H3a1 1 0 110-2h11.586l-4.293-4.293a1 1 0 010-1.414z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/resources.irap.org\/Key-documents\/SLAIN_D4.1_How-to-guide_V1_FPZ.pdf\" class=\"btn btn-primary inline-flex items-center gap-2\" target=\"_self\">How to\u201d guide for network-wide road assessment<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"h-5 w-5 -rotate-45 translate-x-0.5\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M10.293 3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0l6 6a1 1 0 010 1.414l-6 6a1 1 0 01-1.414-1.414L14.586 11H3a1 1 0 110-2h11.586l-4.293-4.293a1 1 0 010-1.414z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/resources.irap.org\/Key-documents\/SLAIN_MS5.3-Report.pdf\" class=\"btn btn-primary inline-flex items-center gap-2\" target=\"_self\">How the TEN-T network can be raised to a higher standard of safety<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"h-5 w-5 -rotate-45 translate-x-0.5\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M10.293 3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0l6 6a1 1 0 010 1.414l-6 6a1 1 0 01-1.414-1.414L14.586 11H3a1 1 0 110-2h11.586l-4.293-4.293a1 1 0 010-1.414z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eca.europa.eu\/en\/publications\/SR-2024-04\" class=\"btn btn-primary inline-flex items-center gap-2\" target=\"_self\">Special report 04\/2024: Reaching EU road safety objectives \u2013 Time to move up a gear (European Court of Auditors)<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"h-5 w-5 -rotate-45 translate-x-0.5\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M10.293 3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0l6 6a1 1 0 010 1.414l-6 6a1 1 0 01-1.414-1.414L14.586 11H3a1 1 0 110-2h11.586l-4.293-4.293a1 1 0 010-1.414z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/div>                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n    <section  class=\"text-editor-block section-pt-sm section-pb-none bg-white\">\n        <div class=\"container \">\n                            <h2 class=\"anim text-asphalt  text-left mb-6\">\n                    Did you know?                <\/h2>\n            \n                            <!-- Single Column Layout -->\n                                    <div class=\"anim text-asphalt prose prose-lg text-left \">\n                        <ul>\n<li>The Road Assessment Programme, RAP, began in Europe in 1999 as a partnership involving road authority and mobility club partners in Sweden, Spain, the Netherlands and UK.<\/li>\n<li>The evidence-based free tools have now been used by development bank, road agency and NGO partners in over 100 countries with more than 3 million kilometres of motorways, primary roads, secondary roads, and urban roads assessed, and over \u20ac90 billion of agency investment made safer.<\/li>\n<li>The Global Plan for the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2021- 2030 includes targets for 3-star and better roads and bringing 75% of travel to the same minimum safety standard for all road users.<\/li>\n<li>Partners share knowledge and experience, and innovate for the mutual benefit of all. Partnerships include\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/eira-si.eu\/ourportfolio\/the-predictive-approaches-for-safer-urban-environment-consortium\/\">PHOEBE<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.interreg-danube.eu\/approved-projects\/sabrina\">SABRINA<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/irap.org\/european-regional-support\/slain-project\/\">SLAIN<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.interreg-danube.eu\/approved-projects\/radar\">RADAR<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/irap.org\/european-regional-support\/the-sensor-project\/\">SENSoR<\/a>. Global partnerships are supporting\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/irap.org\/cyclerap\/\">CycleRAP<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/irap.org\/project\/ai-rap\/\">AiRAP<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/irap.org\/star-rating-for-designs\/\">Star Rating for Designs (SR4D)<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/starratingforschools.org\/\">Star Rating for Schools (SR4S)<\/a>, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/starratingforschools.org\/youth-engagement-app\/\">Youth Engagement App (YEA),<\/a>\u00a0Route Review Tool, and impact investment for safety.<\/li>\n<li>Local leadership and ownership is encouraged in every country and region (e.g. EuroRAP, usRAP, AusRAP, ChinaRAP, BrazilRAP, IndiaRAP, ThaiRAP, MyRAP).<\/li>\n<li>The Saving Lives Assessing and Improving TEN-T Road Network Safety Project (<a href=\"https:\/\/irap.org\/european-regional-support\/slain-project\/\">SLAIN)<\/a>\u00a0including countries such as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/resources.irap.org\/Key-documents\/SLAIN_Deliverable_D1.2_ANAS_V1.0.pdf\">Italy<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/resources.irap.org\/Key-documents\/2020_11_19_SLAIN_D2.2_Star_Rating_Map_for_Croatia_Core_TEN-T_network_V1_FPZ.pdf\">Croatia<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/resources.irap.org\/Key-documents\/SLAIN_Deliverable_D1.3-updated-v1.pdf\">Greece<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/resources.irap.org\/Key-documents\/SLAIN_D1.1-1.5_Risk_Maps.pdf\">Spain<\/a>\u00a0provides evidence-based examples of how these techniques have been applied to understand and measure individual and collective network risk.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                            \n                            <div class=\"anim\">\n                    <div class=\"flex flex-wrap gap-4 mt-8 justify-start\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.temp.irap-dev.org\/where-we-work\/rap-in-europe\/\" class=\"btn btn-primary inline-flex items-center gap-2\" target=\"_self\">RAP in Europe Activities<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"h-5 w-5 -rotate-45 translate-x-0.5\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M10.293 3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0l6 6a1 1 0 010 1.414l-6 6a1 1 0 01-1.414-1.414L14.586 11H3a1 1 0 110-2h11.586l-4.293-4.293a1 1 0 010-1.414z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/div>                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n    <section  class=\"text-editor-block section-pt-sm section-pb-none bg-white\">\n        <div class=\"container \">\n                            <h2 class=\"anim text-asphalt  text-left mb-6\">\n                    Case Studies                <\/h2>\n            \n                            <!-- Single Column Layout -->\n                                    <div class=\"anim text-asphalt prose prose-lg text-left \">\n                        <p>The following are case studies that illustrate how RAP tools and resources have and can be\u00a0 used to support agency road operation and investment planning in Europe.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/resources.irap.org\/Key-documents\/10.03.21-SLAIN_Deliverable-D8.3-Recommendations-towards-a-network-wide-road-safety-approach_.pdf\">Risk Mapping to guide selective Star Rating<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/resources.irap.org\/Key-documents\/SLAIN_Deliverable_D6.2_Case_studies_group_B.pdf\">Before and after studies of network upgrading<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/resources.irap.org\/Key-documents\/SLAIN_Deliverable_D6.3_Case_studies_group_C.pdf\">Identifying road sections to install 2+1 with median barrier<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/resources.irap.org\/Key-documents\/SLAIN_Deliverable_D6.4-Case_studies_group_D.pdf\">Maintenance-only remedies<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/resources.irap.org\/Key-documents\/SLAIN_Deliverable_D6.5_Case_studies_group_E.pdf\">Network-wide road assessment and Star Rating from Design Plans<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n                            \n                            <div class=\"anim\">\n                    <div class=\"flex flex-wrap gap-4 mt-8 justify-start\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.temp.irap-dev.org\/stories-of-success\/\" class=\"btn btn-primary inline-flex items-center gap-2\" target=\"_self\">Stories of Success<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"h-5 w-5 -rotate-45 translate-x-0.5\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M10.293 3.293a1 1 0 011.414 0l6 6a1 1 0 010 1.414l-6 6a1 1 0 01-1.414-1.414L14.586 11H3a1 1 0 110-2h11.586l-4.293-4.293a1 1 0 010-1.414z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/div>                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n    <section  class=\"accordion-block relative overflow-hidden section-pt-sm section-pb-sm bg-white\">\n        <div class=\"container\">\n\n            <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 bg-white  p-8 gap-8 items-center rounded-lg\">\n\n                <!-- Left Image (Optional) -->\n                \n                <!-- Accordion Content -->\n                <div class=\"lg:order-1\">\n\n                    <!-- Header Section -->\n                                            <div>\n                                                            <h2 class=\"text-3xl md:text-4xl lg:text-5xl font-bold mb-4 text-primary\">\n                                    How RAP tools and resources can support implementation of RISM                                <\/h2>\n                            \n                                                    <\/div>\n                    \n                    <!-- Accordion Items -->\n                                            <div class=\"accordion-wrapper bg-white rounded-lg\" data-accordion-group>\n\n                                                            <div class=\"accordion-item overflow-hidden transition-all duration-200\"\n                                     data-accordion-item>\n\n                                    <!-- Accordion Header -->\n                                    <button\n                                        type=\"button\"\n                                        class=\"accordion-header cursor-pointer w-full flex items-center justify-between gap-4 py-2 text-left transition-colors hover:text-primary text-dark border-b border-dark\"\n                                        aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                        aria-controls=\"accordion-item-6a0f2637b5ccf\"\n                                        data-accordion-trigger>\n\n                                        <span class=\"accordion-title text-lg md:text-xl font-semibold pr-4 transition-colors\">\n                                            How RAP tools and resources can support RISM                                        <\/span>\n\n                                        <!-- Plus\/Close Icon -->\n                                        <span class=\"accordion-icon-wrapper flex-shrink-0 w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center text-primary\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                                            <svg class=\"accordion-icon w-6 h-6 transition-transform duration-300 ease-in-out rotate-0\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\">\n                                                <path class=\"accordion-icon-horizontal\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" d=\"M12 4v16\" \/>\n                                                <path class=\"accordion-icon-vertical\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" d=\"M4 12h16\" \/>\n                                            <\/svg>\n                                        <\/span>\n                                    <\/button>\n\n                                    <!-- Accordion Content Panel -->\n                                    <div\n                                        id=\"accordion-item-6a0f2637b5ccf\"\n                                        class=\"accordion-content overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300 max-h-0 opacity-0\"\n                                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                        data-accordion-content>\n\n                                        <div class=\"pt-4\">\n\n                                                                                            <!-- WYSIWYG Content -->\n                                                <div class=\"text-base text-asphalt max-w-none [&#038;_p]:text-base [&#038;_p]:leading-relaxed [&#038;_p]:mb-0\">\n                                                    <p>There are several ways in which RAP tools and resources may be used to support the implementation of RISM. The SLAIN project, for example, showed how\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/eurorap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/10.03.21-SLAIN_Deliverable-D8.3-Recommendations-towards-a-network-wide-road-safety-approach_.pdf\">reactive Risk Mapping can be used to guide selective Star Ratings in order to prioritize a safety response<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The following table summarises how RAP tools and resources may be used to support specific articles of RISM.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>RISM Directive Article\/Paragraph<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Description<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>iRAP tools and resources<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b><i>Art. 5<\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<td><b><i>Network-wide road safety assessment<\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<td><b><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>5\/2<\/b><\/td>\n<td>Ability to evaluate accident and impact severity risk<\/td>\n<td>Star Ratings and Risk Mapping may be used at the network level. A tool is under development to convert Star Ratings into NWRSA outputs.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>5\/2a<\/b><\/td>\n<td>Involves visual examination, either on site or by electronic means, of the design characteristics of the road (in-built safety)<\/td>\n<td>RAP Star Ratings involve visual assessment of the level of safety that is \u2018built-in\u2019 to roads.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>5\/3<\/b><\/td>\n<td>Repeatability \u2013 enables periodic inspections and comparability of results<\/td>\n<td>Star Ratings and Risk Mapping use a standardised methodologies that are used to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/irap.org\/rap-tools\/performance-tracking\/performance-tracking\/\">track performance<\/a>\u00a0over time<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>5\/6<\/b><\/td>\n<td>Classification of all sections of the road network in no fewer than three categories according to their level of safety<\/td>\n<td>Star Ratings and RIsk Mapping involves categorising road segments into one of 5 risk categories.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b><i>Art. 6<\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<td><b><i>Periodic road safety inspections<\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<td><b><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>6\/1<\/b><\/td>\n<td>Periodic road safety inspections are undertaken with sufficient frequency to safeguard adequate safety levels for the road infrastructure in question<\/td>\n<td>Star Ratings and Risk Mapping may be performed periodically as part of performance tracking<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b><i>Art. 6a<\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<td><b><i>Follow-up of procedures for roads in operation<\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<td><b><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>6a\/1<\/b><\/td>\n<td>Network-wide road safety assessments are followed up either by targeted road safety inspections or by direct remedial action<\/td>\n<td>Fatality and Serious Injury (FSI) estimates and\u00a0 Safer Road Investment Plans (SRIP) may be used to assist in identifying and implementing priority countermeasures on\u00a0 priority road segments<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>6a\/2<\/b><\/td>\n<td>Indicative elements (Annex IIa) for targeted road safety inspections.<\/td>\n<td>See table below<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>6a\/3<\/b><\/td>\n<td>Targeted road safety inspections shall be carried out by expert teams<\/td>\n<td>RAP tools and resources are supported by Training and a network of Accredited suppliers and practitioners<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>6a\/4<\/b><\/td>\n<td>Findings of targeted road safety inspections are followed up by reasoned decisions determining if remedial action is necessary, and<\/p>\n<p>Identification of road sections where road infrastructure safety improvements are necessary and define actions to be prioritised for improving the safety of those road sections<\/td>\n<td>Fatality and Serious Injury (FSI) estimates and Safer Road Investment Plans (SRIP) may be used to assist in identifying and implementing priority countermeasures on\u00a0 priority road segments<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>6a\/5<\/b><\/td>\n<td>Ensure remedial action is targeted primarily at road sections with low safety levels, and<\/p>\n<p>Which offer the opportunity for the implementation of measures with high potential for safety development and accident cost savings.<\/td>\n<td>Fatality and Serious Injury (FSI) estimates and Safer Road Investment Plans (SRIP) may be used to assist in identifying and implementing priority countermeasures on\u00a0 priority road segments<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>6a\/6<\/b><\/td>\n<td>Prepare and regularly update a risk-based prioritised action plan to track the implementation of identified remedial action.<\/td>\n<td>RAP assessments may be performed at periodic intervals<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b><i>Art. 6b<\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<td><b><i>Protection of vulnerable road users<\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<td><b><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>6b<\/b><\/td>\n<td>Needs of vulnerable road users are taken into account in the implementation of the procedures set out in Articles 3 to 6a.<\/td>\n<td>Star Ratings, FSI estimations, SRIPs and Risk Mapping account for vulnerable road users, including pedestrians, bicyclists and motorcyclists.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n                                                <\/div>\n\n                                            \n                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n\n                                <\/div>\n                                                            <div class=\"accordion-item overflow-hidden transition-all duration-200\"\n                                     data-accordion-item>\n\n                                    <!-- Accordion Header -->\n                                    <button\n                                        type=\"button\"\n                                        class=\"accordion-header cursor-pointer w-full flex items-center justify-between gap-4 py-2 text-left transition-colors hover:text-primary text-dark border-b border-dark\"\n                                        aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                        aria-controls=\"accordion-item-6a0f2637b6039\"\n                                        data-accordion-trigger>\n\n                                        <span class=\"accordion-title text-lg md:text-xl font-semibold pr-4 transition-colors\">\n                                            Using Star Rating to satisfy requirements of the Network-Wide Road Safety Assessments                                        <\/span>\n\n                                        <!-- Plus\/Close Icon -->\n                                        <span class=\"accordion-icon-wrapper flex-shrink-0 w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center text-primary\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                                            <svg class=\"accordion-icon w-6 h-6 transition-transform duration-300 ease-in-out rotate-0\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\">\n                                                <path class=\"accordion-icon-horizontal\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" d=\"M12 4v16\" \/>\n                                                <path class=\"accordion-icon-vertical\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" d=\"M4 12h16\" \/>\n                                            <\/svg>\n                                        <\/span>\n                                    <\/button>\n\n                                    <!-- Accordion Content Panel -->\n                                    <div\n                                        id=\"accordion-item-6a0f2637b6039\"\n                                        class=\"accordion-content overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300 max-h-0 opacity-0\"\n                                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                        data-accordion-content>\n\n                                        <div class=\"pt-4\">\n\n                                                                                            <!-- WYSIWYG Content -->\n                                                <div class=\"text-base text-asphalt max-w-none [&#038;_p]:text-base [&#038;_p]:leading-relaxed [&#038;_p]:mb-0\">\n                                                    <p>iRAP\u2019s Star Rating methodology covers most of the indicative elements of network-wide road safety assessment as listed in Annex III.\u00a0The table below provides more details.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>RISM recommended elements<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Alignment with Star Rating methodology<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>General:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(a) type of road in relation to the type and size of regions\/cities it connects;<\/td>\n<td>Partially or not directly covered, but collected for assessment purpose and can be extrapolated from available data<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(b) length of road section;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(c) area type (rural, urban);<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(d) land use (educational, commercial, industrial and manufacturing, residential, farming and agricultural, undeveloped areas);<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(e) property access points density;<\/td>\n<td>Partially or not directly covered, but collected for assessment purpose and can be extrapolated from available data<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(f) presence of service road (e.g. for shops);<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(g) presence of road works;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(h) presence of parking.<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>2. Traffic volumes:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(a) traffic volumes;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(b) observed motorcycle volumes;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(c) observed pedestrian volumes on both sides, noting \u2018along\u2019 or \u2018crossing\u2019;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(d) observed bicycle volumes on both sides, noting \u2018along\u2019 or \u2018crossing\u2019;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(e) observed heavy vehicle volumes;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(f) estimated pedestrian flows determined from adjacent land use attributes;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(g) estimated bicycle flows determined from adjacent land use attributes.<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>3. Accident data:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(a) number, location and cause of fatalities by road user group;<\/td>\n<td>Partially or not directly covered, but collected for assessment purpose and can be extrapolated from available data<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(b) number and location of serious injuries by road user group.<\/td>\n<td>Partially or not directly covered, but collected for assessment purpose and can be extrapolated from available data<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>4. Operational characteristics:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(a) speed limit (general, for motorcycles; for trucks);<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(b) operating speed (85th percentile);<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(c) speed management and\/or traffic calming;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(d) presence of ITS devices: queue alerts, variable message signs<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(e) school zone warning;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(f) presence of school crossing supervisor at prescribed periods.<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>5. Geometric characteristics:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(a) cross section characteristics (number, type and width of lanes, central median shoulders layout and material, cycle tracks, foot paths, etc.), including their variability;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(b) horizontal curvature;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(c) grade and vertical alignment;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(d) visibility and sight distances.<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>6. Objects, clear zones and road restraint systems:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(a) roadside environment and clear zones;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(b) fixed obstacles at the roadside (e.g. lighting poles, trees, etc.);<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(c) distance of obstacles from roadside;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(d) density of obstacles;<\/td>\n<td>Partially or not directly covered, but collected for assessment purpose and can be extrapolated from available data<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(e) rumble strips;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(f) road restraint systems.<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>7. Bridges and tunnels:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(a) presence and number of bridges, as well as relevant information concerning them;<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(b) presence and number of tunnels, as well as relevant information concerning them;<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(c) visual elements representing hazards for the safety of the infrastructure.<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u2013<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>8. Intersections:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(a) intersection type and number of arms (noting in particular the type of control and the presence of protected turns);<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(b) presence of channelisation;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(c) intersection quality;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(d) intersecting road volume;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(e) presence of level crossings (noting, in particular, the type of crossing and whether they are manned, unmanned, manual or automated).<\/td>\n<td>Partially or not directly covered, but collected for assessment purpose and can be extrapolated from available data<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>9. Maintenance:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(a) pavement defects;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(b) pavement skid resistance;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(c) shoulder condition (including vegetation);<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(d) condition of signs, markings and delineation;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(e) condition of road restraint systems.<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>10. Vulnerable road users\u2019 facilities:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(a) pedestrian and cycling crossings (surface crossings and grade separation);<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(b) cycling crossings (surface crossings and grade separation);<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(c) pedestrian fencing;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(d) existence of sidewalk or separated facility;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(e) bicycle facilities and their type (cycle paths, cycle lanes, other);<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(f) quality of pedestrian crossings with regard to the conspicuity and sign posting of each facility;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(g) pedestrian and cycling crossing facilities on entry arm of minor road joining network;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(h) existence of alternative routes for pedestrians and cyclists where there are no separated facilities.<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>11. Pre\/post-crash systems for traffic injury and gravity mitigation elements:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(a) network operational centres and other patrolling facilities;<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(b) mechanisms to inform road users of driving conditions in order to prevent accidents or incidents;<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(c) AID (automatic incident detection) systems: sensors and cameras;<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(d) incident management systems;<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(e) systems for communicating with emergency services.<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(d) condition of signs, markings and delineation;<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(e) condition of road restraint systems.<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n                                                <\/div>\n\n                                            \n                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n\n                                <\/div>\n                                                            <div class=\"accordion-item overflow-hidden transition-all duration-200\"\n                                     data-accordion-item>\n\n                                    <!-- Accordion Header -->\n                                    <button\n                                        type=\"button\"\n                                        class=\"accordion-header cursor-pointer w-full flex items-center justify-between gap-4 py-2 text-left transition-colors hover:text-primary text-dark border-b border-dark\"\n                                        aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                        aria-controls=\"accordion-item-6a0f2637b6735\"\n                                        data-accordion-trigger>\n\n                                        <span class=\"accordion-title text-lg md:text-xl font-semibold pr-4 transition-colors\">\n                                            Using Star Ratings to support targeted Road Safety Inspections                                        <\/span>\n\n                                        <!-- Plus\/Close Icon -->\n                                        <span class=\"accordion-icon-wrapper flex-shrink-0 w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center text-primary\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                                            <svg class=\"accordion-icon w-6 h-6 transition-transform duration-300 ease-in-out rotate-0\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\">\n                                                <path class=\"accordion-icon-horizontal\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" d=\"M12 4v16\" \/>\n                                                <path class=\"accordion-icon-vertical\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" d=\"M4 12h16\" \/>\n                                            <\/svg>\n                                        <\/span>\n                                    <\/button>\n\n                                    <!-- Accordion Content Panel -->\n                                    <div\n                                        id=\"accordion-item-6a0f2637b6735\"\n                                        class=\"accordion-content overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300 max-h-0 opacity-0\"\n                                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                        data-accordion-content>\n\n                                        <div class=\"pt-4\">\n\n                                                                                            <!-- WYSIWYG Content -->\n                                                <div class=\"text-base text-asphalt max-w-none [&#038;_p]:text-base [&#038;_p]:leading-relaxed [&#038;_p]:mb-0\">\n                                                    <p>The following table summarises how the RAP Star Rating methodology aligns with\u00a0 indicative elements of targeted road safety inspections listed in RISM Annex IIa.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>RISM recommended elements<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Alignment with Star Rating methodology<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>1. Road alignment and cross-section:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(a) visibility and sight distances;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(b) speed limit and speed zoning;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(c) self-explaining alignment (i.e. \u201creadability\u201d of the alignment by road users);<\/td>\n<td>Partial \u2013 uses sight distance, curvature, grade and delineation to indicate readability<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(d) access to adjacent property and developments;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(e) access of emergency and service vehicles;<\/td>\n<td>Partial \u2013 Can be derived from paved shoulder width data<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(f) treatments at bridges and culverts;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(g) roadside layout (shoulders, pavement drop-off, cut and fill slopes).<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>2. Intersections and interchanges:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(a) appropriateness of intersection\/interchange type;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(b) geometry of intersection\/interchange layout;<\/td>\n<td>Partial \u2013 provides for how many legs of an intersection (up to 4), but does not take into account angles<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(c) visibility and readability (perception) of intersections;<\/td>\n<td>Partial \u2013 uses sight distance, curvature, grade, delineation and intersection quality<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(d) visibility at the intersection;<\/td>\n<td>Partial \u2013 uses sight distance, curvature, grade, delineation and intersection quality<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(e) layout of auxiliary lanes at intersections;<\/td>\n<td>Partial \u2013 indicates if turning lanes are present or not for inspected road<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(f) intersection traffic control (e.g. stop controlled, traffic signals, etc.);<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(g) existence of pedestrian and cycling crossings.<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>3. Provision for vulnerable road users:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(a) provision for pedestrians;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(b) provision for cyclists;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(c) provision for powered-two-wheelers;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(d) public transport and infrastructures;<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(e) level crossings (noting, particularly, the type of crossing and if they are manned, unmanned, manual, or automated).<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>4. Lighting, signs and markings:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(a) coherent road signs, not obscuring visibility;<\/td>\n<td>Partial \u2013 recorded as part of delineation and sight distance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(b) readability of road signs (position, size, colour);<\/td>\n<td>Partial \u2013 recorded as part of delineation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(c) sign posts;<\/td>\n<td>Partial \u2013 recorded as part of delineation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(d) coherent road markings and delineation;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(e) readability of road markings (position, dimensions and retroreflectivity under dry and wet conditions);<\/td>\n<td>Partial \u2013 recorded as part of delineation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(f) appropriate contrast of road markings;<\/td>\n<td>Partial \u2013 recorded as part of delineation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(g) lighting of lit roads and intersections;<\/td>\n<td>Partial \u2013 presence of street lighting recorded<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(h) appropriate roadside equipment.<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>5. Traffic signals:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(a) operation;<\/td>\n<td>Partial \u2013 presence for vehicles and pedestrians recorded<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(b) visibility.<\/td>\n<td>Partial \u2013 recorded as part of intersection quality<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>6. Objects, clear zones and road restraint systems:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(a) roadside environment including vegetation;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(b) roadside hazards and distance from carriageway or cycle path edge;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(c) user-friendly adaptation of road restraint systems (central reservations and crash barriers to prevent hazards to vulnerable road users);<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(d) end treatments of crash barriers;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(e) appropriate road restraint systems at bridges and culverts;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(f) fences (in roads with restricted access).<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>7. Pavement:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(a) pavement defects;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(b) skid resistance;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(c) loose material\/gravel\/stones;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(d) ponding, water drainage.<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>8. Bridges and tunnels:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(a) presence and number of bridges;<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(b) presence and number of tunnels;<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(c) visual elements representing hazards for the safety of the infrastructure.<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>9. Other issues:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(a) provision of safe parking areas and rest areas;<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(b) provision for heavy vehicles;<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(c) headlight glare;<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(d) roadworks;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(e) unsafe roadside activities;<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(f) appropriate information in ITS equipment (e.g. variable message signs);<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(g) wildlife and animals;<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(h) school zone warnings (if applicable).\u2019;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n                                                <\/div>\n\n                                            \n                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n\n                                <\/div>\n                                                            <div class=\"accordion-item overflow-hidden transition-all duration-200\"\n                                     data-accordion-item>\n\n                                    <!-- Accordion Header -->\n                                    <button\n                                        type=\"button\"\n                                        class=\"accordion-header cursor-pointer w-full flex items-center justify-between gap-4 py-2 text-left transition-colors hover:text-primary text-dark border-b border-dark\"\n                                        aria-expanded=\"false\"\n                                        aria-controls=\"accordion-item-6a0f2637ba2f5\"\n                                        data-accordion-trigger>\n\n                                        <span class=\"accordion-title text-lg md:text-xl font-semibold pr-4 transition-colors\">\n                                            Using proactive Star Ratings in conjunction with Road Safety Audits                                        <\/span>\n\n                                        <!-- Plus\/Close Icon -->\n                                        <span class=\"accordion-icon-wrapper flex-shrink-0 w-6 h-6 flex items-center justify-center text-primary\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                                            <svg class=\"accordion-icon w-6 h-6 transition-transform duration-300 ease-in-out rotate-0\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\">\n                                                <path class=\"accordion-icon-horizontal\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" d=\"M12 4v16\" \/>\n                                                <path class=\"accordion-icon-vertical\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" d=\"M4 12h16\" \/>\n                                            <\/svg>\n                                        <\/span>\n                                    <\/button>\n\n                                    <!-- Accordion Content Panel -->\n                                    <div\n                                        id=\"accordion-item-6a0f2637ba2f5\"\n                                        class=\"accordion-content overflow-hidden transition-all duration-300 max-h-0 opacity-0\"\n                                        aria-hidden=\"true\"\n                                        data-accordion-content>\n\n                                        <div class=\"pt-4\">\n\n                                                                                            <!-- WYSIWYG Content -->\n                                                <div class=\"text-base text-asphalt max-w-none [&#038;_p]:text-base [&#038;_p]:leading-relaxed [&#038;_p]:mb-0\">\n                                                    <p>RAP Star Ratings may be used in conjunction with Road Safety Audits to enhance safety outcomes. The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.adb.org\/publications\/carec-road-safety-engineering-manual-star-ratings\">Star Rating for Road Safety Audits (SR4RSA)<\/a>\u00a0manual provides practical examples for policy makers and practitioners.\u00a0The following table summarises how Star Ratings align with\u00a0 the additional elements of Road Safety Audits listed in RISM Annex II.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Indicative elements of road safety audits<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Alignment with Star Rating methodology<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(b) in section 1, the following point is added:<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u2018(n) provision for vulnerable road users:<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(i) provision for pedestrians;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(ii) provision for cyclists, including the existence of alternative routes or separations from high-speed motor traffic;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(iii) provision for powered two-wheelers;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(iv) density and location of crossings for pedestrians and cyclists;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714 \u00a0To 100m level<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(v) provision for pedestrians and cyclists on affected roads in the area;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(vi) separation of pedestrians and cyclists from high-speed motor traffic or the existence of direct alternative routes on lower class roads.<\/td>\n<td>\u2714 Existence of alternative routes requires additional assessments\/review using Star Ratings and\/or CycleRAP methodologies.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(c) in section 2, point (h) is replaced by the following:<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u2018(h) provision for vulnerable road users:<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(i) provision for pedestrians;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(ii) provision for cyclists;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(iii) provision for powered two-wheelers;\u2019;<\/td>\n<td>\u2714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n                                                <\/div>\n\n                                            \n                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n\n                                <\/div>\n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                    \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <!-- Accordion JavaScript -->\n    <script>\n    (function() {\n        'use strict';\n\n        \/\/ Guard: if the block is rendered multiple times on a page, this script\n        \/\/ is printed multiple times. 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