{"id":6302,"date":"2026-03-16T06:06:36","date_gmt":"2026-03-15T19:06:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress.temp.irap-dev.org\/rebuilding-jamaicas-roads-after-hurricane-melissa\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T15:12:22","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T05:12:22","slug":"rebuilding-jamaicas-roads-after-hurricane-melissa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/irap.org\/fr\/rebuilding-jamaicas-roads-after-hurricane-melissa\/","title":{"rendered":"Reconstruire les routes de la Jama\u00efque apr\u00e8s l'ouragan Melissa"},"content":{"rendered":"

Article et cr\u00e9dit photo : Feyonia Myrie,<\/em> Jamaica Observer<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Le r\u00e9seau routier jama\u00efcain n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9pargn\u00e9 par le passage d\u00e9vastateur de l'ouragan Melissa, de cat\u00e9gorie 5, qui a frapp\u00e9 certaines r\u00e9gions de l'\u00eele en octobre dernier. De nombreuses routes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 endommag\u00e9es ou d\u00e9truites, isolant des communaut\u00e9s et r\u00e9v\u00e9lant les faiblesses structurelles des infrastructures de transport du pays.<\/p>\n

Alors que les op\u00e9rations de nettoyage et de r\u00e9tablissement se poursuivent, les experts en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re avertissent que les efforts de reconstruction doivent aller au-del\u00e0 de la simple restauration de ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 perdu et se concentrer plut\u00f4t sur la r\u00e9silience climatique, la conception de routes plus s\u00fbres et la protection des usagers de la route les plus vuln\u00e9rables.<\/p>\n

Dans plusieurs paroisses, les inondations, les glissements de terrain et les ondes de temp\u00eate ont fragilis\u00e9 la chauss\u00e9e, emport\u00e9 les accotements et endommag\u00e9 les ponts. Selon une premi\u00e8re estimation de la Banque interam\u00e9ricaine de d\u00e9veloppement, le co\u00fbt des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts mat\u00e9riels s'\u00e9levait \u00e0 1\u00a0090 milliards de dollars am\u00e9ricains, dont 62\u00a0% \u00e9taient imputables aux dommages caus\u00e9s aux b\u00e2timents r\u00e9sidentiels et non r\u00e9sidentiels, et 33\u00a0% aux infrastructures, notamment les routes. Ce chiffre a depuis augment\u00e9, et le total des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts et des pertes li\u00e9s \u00e0 l'ouragan Melissa est d\u00e9sormais estim\u00e9 \u00e0 1\u00a0090 milliards de dollars am\u00e9ricains, selon le Dr Wayne Henry, directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l'Institut de planification de la Jama\u00efque. Ce montant repr\u00e9sente 56,7\u00a0% du produit int\u00e9rieur brut (PIB) de la Jama\u00efque en 2024.<\/p>\n

Dans de nombreuses zones rurales et c\u00f4ti\u00e8res, les routes sont devenues impraticables pour les voitures et les camions, ne laissant l'acc\u00e8s qu'aux motos et aux pi\u00e9tons. Cette situation a plac\u00e9 les motos au c\u0153ur des op\u00e9rations de secours apr\u00e8s les catastrophes, \u00e0 la fois comme un lien vital pour les communaut\u00e9s et comme un enjeu croissant de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

Le Dr Lucien Jones, vice-pr\u00e9sident du Conseil national de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re et pr\u00e9sident de la Coalition nationale pour le port du casque \u2014 une initiative mise en \u0153uvre par la Fondation JN en collaboration avec le Conseil national de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re et gr\u00e2ce au financement du programme FIA Foundation \u2014 a soulign\u00e9 que les efforts de reconstruction des routes de la Jama\u00efque doivent \u00eatre guid\u00e9s par l'approche du syst\u00e8me s\u00fbr.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00a0Alors que nous reconstruisons et am\u00e9liorons notre r\u00e9seau routier, la Jama\u00efque doit appliquer l\u2019approche du syst\u00e8me s\u00fbr, un cadre qui reconna\u00eet que l\u2019erreur humaine est in\u00e9vitable et con\u00e7oit les routes de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les erreurs n\u2019entra\u00eenent pas de d\u00e9c\u00e8s ou de blessures graves. Cela implique une conception routi\u00e8re plus s\u00fbre, des vitesses plus s\u00fbres, des v\u00e9hicules plus s\u00fbrs, des usagers de la route plus responsables et une intervention efficace apr\u00e8s un accident, le tout \u0153uvrant de concert pour prot\u00e9ger des vies\u00a0\u201d, a-t-il affirm\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Morgan Fletcher, responsable des op\u00e9rations pour l'Am\u00e9rique latine et les Cara\u00efbes au sein du International Road Assessment Programme (iRAP), a averti que la g\u00e9ographie de la Jama\u00efque la rend particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rable aux catastrophes li\u00e9es au climat et que la reconstruction doit tenir compte de ces r\u00e9alit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

\u201c Nous avons constat\u00e9 en Jama\u00efque que de nombreuses zones c\u00f4ti\u00e8res basses ont \u00e9t\u00e9 endommag\u00e9es \u201d, a-t-il soulign\u00e9. \u201c Il est donc primordial de planifier les d\u00e9placements des populations, d'identifier des solutions alternatives et de veiller \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de ces itin\u00e9raires. \u201d<\/p>\n

Les recherches et les \u00e9valuations de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re men\u00e9es dans le cadre du projet iRAP en Jama\u00efque ont mis en \u00e9vidence un certain nombre de lacunes dans le r\u00e9seau routier existant, notamment des voies \u00e9troites, des accotements limit\u00e9s ou inexistants, un mauvais drainage et une protection insuffisante pour les pi\u00e9tons, les cyclistes et les motocyclistes.<\/p>\n

\u201c La pr\u00e9sence de pi\u00e9tons et de cyclistes sur le r\u00e9seau augmente les risques, notamment lorsque les chauss\u00e9es endommag\u00e9es et les nids-de-poule obligent les gens \u00e0 se rapprocher. \u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u201c Il est important que les gens se respectent les uns les autres sur les routes et que la vitesse soit r\u00e9duite aux endroits o\u00f9 des travaux de r\u00e9habilitation sont en cours \u201d, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 M. Fletcher.<\/p>\n

Les motos sont devenues indispensables pour atteindre les communaut\u00e9s o\u00f9 les routes restent partiellement bloqu\u00e9es ou impraticables pour les v\u00e9hicules plus lourds. Si elles assurent une mobilit\u00e9 essentielle aux r\u00e9sidents, aux secouristes et \u00e0 l'acheminement de l'aide humanitaire, elles exposent \u00e9galement leurs conducteurs \u00e0 des risques consid\u00e9rablement accrus sur les routes endommag\u00e9es et jonch\u00e9es de d\u00e9bris.<\/p>\n

\u201c Les routes sont devenues plus dangereuses, non seulement \u00e0 cause de la qualit\u00e9 de la chauss\u00e9e, mais aussi \u00e0 cause des nombreux d\u00e9bris laiss\u00e9s sur les bas-c\u00f4t\u00e9s. \u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u201c Les gens sont plus susceptibles de tomber de leur v\u00e9lo \u00e0 cause de l'\u00e9tat des routes, et il y a aussi moins de policiers disponibles pour faire respecter la loi \u201d, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 M. Fletcher.<\/p>\n

Les fonctions des membres de la Force de police jama\u00efcaine s'\u00e9tendant \u00e9galement \u00e0 la r\u00e9ponse aux catastrophes, M. Fletcher a soulign\u00e9 que l'\u00e9ducation du public et la responsabilit\u00e9 communautaire deviennent encore plus cruciales.<\/p>\n

\u201c Il s'agit d'une combinaison de mesures coercitives et de sensibilisation aux risques. Il est essentiel, en ce moment, de recourir \u00e0 l'\u00e9ducation du public pour d\u00e9velopper un sens des responsabilit\u00e9s collectives et inciter chacun \u00e0 assurer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de tous \u201d, a-t-il d\u00e9clar\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Les accidents de la route repr\u00e9sentent un probl\u00e8me majeur de sant\u00e9 publique en Jama\u00efque, m\u00eame en dehors des contextes de catastrophe, et M. Fletcher a \u00e9t\u00e9 direct quant aux enjeux.<\/p>\n

\u201c Je ne crois pas qu'on puisse parler de d\u00e9veloppement durable quand les r\u00e9seaux routiers tuent pr\u00e8s de 400 personnes par an \u201d, a-t-il d\u00e9clar\u00e9. \u201c Surtout quand on sait que les accidents de la route constituent la premi\u00e8re cause de mortalit\u00e9 chez les 5-29 ans dans le monde. \u201d<\/p>\n

Il a ajout\u00e9 que les efforts de reconstruction offrent une occasion rare de corriger des carences persistantes du r\u00e9seau routier.<\/p>\n

\u201c L\u00e0 o\u00f9 la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation en bord de route a \u00e9t\u00e9 endommag\u00e9e, il est possible de cr\u00e9er des zones d\u00e9gag\u00e9es plus larges, ce qui r\u00e9duirait le nombre de d\u00e9c\u00e8s dus aux sorties de route \u201d, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 M. Fletcher.<\/p>\n

Alors que la Jama\u00efque passe de la phase de r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la phase de redressement, le responsable des op\u00e9rations pour l'Am\u00e9rique latine et les Cara\u00efbes au sein du iRAP a soulign\u00e9 que la coordination entre toutes les parties prenantes, \u00e9tay\u00e9e par des donn\u00e9es et des outils d'\u00e9valuation modernes, sera essentielle pour parvenir \u00e0 un changement durable.<\/p>\n

\u201c Le partage des donn\u00e9es et des technologies, ainsi qu'une planification coordonn\u00e9e, permettront de reconstruire les routes en tenant compte des risques d'inondation, de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de la r\u00e9silience \u201d, a-t-il d\u00e9clar\u00e9. \u201c Les choix effectu\u00e9s aujourd'hui auront un impact d\u00e9terminant sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re en Jama\u00efque pour les d\u00e9cennies \u00e0 venir. \u201d<\/p>\n

La Coalition nationale pour le port du casque a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu'elle faisait sa part, avec ses partenaires locaux et r\u00e9gionaux en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re, pour garantir que les routes jama\u00efcaines soient plus s\u00fbres pour tous, en particulier pour les usagers de la route les plus vuln\u00e9rables, notamment les conducteurs de motos et leurs passagers.<\/p>\n

Face \u00e0 l'augmentation de la fr\u00e9quence et de la gravit\u00e9 des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques extr\u00eames li\u00e9e aux changements climatiques, garantir des routes et une pratique du v\u00e9lo plus s\u00fbres sera essentiel pour prot\u00e9ger des vies pendant la p\u00e9riode de r\u00e9tablissement et au-del\u00e0.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00c0 propos de iRAP en Jama\u00efque<\/strong><\/p>\n

iRAP accompagne ses partenaires dans la construction de r\u00e9seaux routiers s\u00fbrs, inclusifs, sobres en carbone et r\u00e9silients face au changement climatique, favorisant les mobilit\u00e9s actives et optimisant le d\u00e9veloppement durable. Pour en savoir plus sur les liens entre changement climatique et s\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re, consultez notre article. ici<\/a>.<\/p>\n

L'activit\u00e9 iRAP, men\u00e9e par des partenaires, a permis d'\u00e9valuer 1\u00a0066 km de routes et deux \u00e9coles en Jama\u00efque, contribuant ainsi \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d'un investissement de 1 million de dollars am\u00e9ricains dans les infrastructures routi\u00e8res. Une \u00e9valuation de 1\u00a0000 km a r\u00e9cemment \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e avec le soutien de la Banque de d\u00e9veloppement des Cara\u00efbes. iRAP collabore avec des partenaires jama\u00efcains, notamment l'Association automobile de la Jama\u00efque (JAA), le minist\u00e8re des Transports et des Mines et le Conseil national de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re, et b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie du soutien de partenaires internationaux tels que FIA Foundation et 3M, afin de renforcer les capacit\u00e9s et d'\u00e9liminer les routes \u00e0 haut risque dans le pays. Treize personnes ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de la formation mondiale\/en ligne iRAP, et soixante-sept personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9es \u00e0 Star Rating for Schools lors d'\u00e9v\u00e9nements organis\u00e9s localement.<\/p>\n

Selon\u00a0Explorateur d'informations sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'iRAP<\/a>, la r\u00e9alisation de l'objectif 4 des Nations Unies, qui vise \u00e0 ce que plus de 751 0 ...<\/p>\n

\"Jamaica<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Article and image credit: Feyonia Myrie, Jamaica Observer Jamaica’s road network was not spared Hurricane Melissa\u2019s onslaught when the Category Five system hit sections of the island last October. In fact, many roads were left damaged or destroyed, cutting off communities and exposing long-standing weaknesses in the country\u2019s transportation infrastructure. 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