{"id":47820,"date":"2021-08-11T23:56:57","date_gmt":"2021-08-11T22:56:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/irap.org\/?p=47820"},"modified":"2023-09-25T00:41:57","modified_gmt":"2023-09-24T23:41:57","slug":"paranas-state-highways-in-brazil-to-be-3-star-or-better","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/irap.org\/fr\/2021\/08\/paranas-state-highways-in-brazil-to-be-3-star-or-better\/","title":{"rendered":"Les autoroutes de l'\u00c9tat du Parana au Br\u00e9sil seront 3 \u00e9toiles ou mieux"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u00e9gende photo : Zone de fuite BR-277, direction Curitiba-Litoral. (Guilherme Pupo\/Ecovia).<\/em>
\nReproduit avec une traduction anglaise de Gazeta Do Povo<\/a>. Histoire d'Elvira Fantin.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Un nouveau concept est appliqu\u00e9 au Br\u00e9sil et au Paran\u00e1 pour am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re et r\u00e9duire les accidents et les d\u00e9c\u00e8s : les \u00ab autoroutes qui pardonnent \u00bb. La proposition est de minimiser l'impact de l'erreur humaine avec la construction de zones d'\u00e9vacuation, l'installation de barri\u00e8res de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de lignes de vibration, entre autres interventions. En cas d'erreur, un conducteur peut compter sur les ressources qu'offre la route pour \u00e9viter l'accident ou, au moins, en minimiser les cons\u00e9quences.<\/p>\n

La pratique a commenc\u00e9 il y a environ 40 ans et est d\u00e9j\u00e0 courante dans les pays plus avanc\u00e9s, mais au Br\u00e9sil, le concept n'est arriv\u00e9 qu'en 2018 \u2013 et le sc\u00e9nario est loin d'\u00eatre id\u00e9al, selon une analyse de la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration nationale de la circulation (CNT). Une \u00e9tude r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par l'entit\u00e9 montre qu'en 2020, les co\u00fbts des accidents sur les autoroutes f\u00e9d\u00e9rales du pays correspondaient \u00e0 10,2 milliards de R$ ($1,94 milliard de dollars), alors que les investissements pour les \u00e9viter n'\u00e9taient que de 6,7 milliards de R$ (USD$1.27 milliard).<\/p>\n

Dans dix ans, toutes les autoroutes accord\u00e9es par le PR seront 3 \u00e9toiles ou mieux<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cette image promet de changer. Au Paran\u00e1, des actions efficaces dans le cadre du concept d'\u00ab autoroutes indulgentes \u00bb figurent d\u00e9j\u00e0 dans les nouveaux contrats de concession, qui entreront en vigueur \u00e0 partir de 2022. \u00ab \u00c0 la fin de la premi\u00e8re ann\u00e9e de concession, toutes les routes devront \u00eatre class\u00e9es au moins comme ' 2 \u00e9toiles' et, dans dix ans, ils devront passer au moins \u00e0 '3 \u00e9toiles' \u00bb, explique Marcello Costa, secr\u00e9taire national des transports terrestres au minist\u00e8re des Infrastructures.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 partir de l\u00e0, selon le secr\u00e9taire Costa, des plans seront \u00e9labor\u00e9s pour augmenter les exigences \u00e0 4 et 5 \u00e9toiles. La note varie de 1 \u00e0 5 \u00e9toiles, selon les conditions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re suivant les normes reconnues par les Nations Unies (ONU). \u00abNous avons apport\u00e9 le concept au Br\u00e9sil et l'avons assum\u00e9 comme une politique publique\u00bb, explique le secr\u00e9taire.<\/p>\n

"Une erreur humaine va se produire et les autoroutes doivent pardonner ces erreurs, \u00e9tant \u00e9quip\u00e9es de dispositifs audio, de signalisation et d'infrastructure qui r\u00e9duisent les risques et la gravit\u00e9 des accidents", souligne-t-il.<\/p>\n

Tout travail suit le M\u00e9thodologie iRAP<\/a>, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle internationale pour inspecter les routes \u00e0 haut risque et r\u00e9duire les accidents. Dans le cas des autoroutes du Paran\u00e1, les premiers besoins ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s et seront identifi\u00e9s dans les contrats. Mais, en plus, les concessionnaires s'engageront, d\u00e8s la premi\u00e8re ann\u00e9e de concession, \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser un diagnostic plus d\u00e9taill\u00e9 pointant d'autres demandes.<\/p>\n

"Ce sera une avanc\u00e9e", d\u00e9clare Jo\u00e3o Arthur Mohr, responsable des affaires strat\u00e9giques \u00e0 la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration des industries du Paran\u00e1 (Fiep). \u00ab Les concessionnaires seront oblig\u00e9s d'investir dans la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le cadre de ce concept d'\u00ab autoroutes indulgentes \u00bb. Avant, il n'y avait pas une telle exigence \u00bb, observe-t-il.<\/p>\n

En plus des autoroutes accord\u00e9es, l'Union investira dans des autoroutes f\u00e9d\u00e9rales sans p\u00e9age et l'on s'attend \u00e0 ce que les \u00c9tats fassent de m\u00eame. Au Paran\u00e1, le mois dernier, la DER a lanc\u00e9 l'avis public pour le Programme de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re pour les autoroutes de l'\u00c9tat (Proseg Paran\u00e1), qui pr\u00e9voit un investissement de 70 millions de R$ (USD$13,3 millions) dans la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sur 10 000 kilom\u00e8tres.<\/p>\n

Selon Hugo Alexander Martins Pereira, sp\u00e9cialiste de la gestion et de la planification du trafic et professeur \u00e0 l'Universidade Positivo, le concept d'\u00ab autoroutes indulgentes \u00bb doit \u00eatre associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l'\u00e9tat des routes et \u00e0 une campagne d'\u00e9ducation. \u00ab Les bonnes pratiques et cette m\u00e9thodologie ont donn\u00e9 de bons r\u00e9sultats dans plusieurs pays \u00bb, dit-il.<\/p>\n

Autre expert en la mati\u00e8re, le docteur en ing\u00e9nierie des transports de l'UFPR, Jorge Tiago Bastos, qualifie comme tr\u00e8s important l'entretien des routes, les accotements pav\u00e9s et les bords de routes libres de tout obstacle, tels que arbres, poteaux, murs et talus.<\/p>\n

\u00ab C'est plus qu'une zone d'\u00e9vacuation, c'est un moyen pour le conducteur d'avoir suffisamment d'espace pour reprendre le contr\u00f4le du v\u00e9hicule en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00bb, dit-il. Selon lui, cette solution est pr\u00e9vue, mais elle ne sera pas toujours possible et, dans ce cas, les zones d'\u00e9vacuation et les barri\u00e8res de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sont \u00e9galement importantes.<\/p>\n

Bastos dit que les conditions routi\u00e8res dans l'\u00c9tat et dans le pays sont tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rentes. \u00ab Il y a des tron\u00e7ons tr\u00e8s s\u00fbrs et d'autres non \u00bb, observe-t-il. Bastos reconna\u00eet que "de nombreuses avanc\u00e9es ont eu lieu ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, mais il reste encore beaucoup \u00e0 faire".<\/p>\n

Le nombre d'accidents sur les autoroutes f\u00e9d\u00e9rales du Paran\u00e1, en 2020, selon la police f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des routes, \u00e9tait de 7 100, avec 7 400 bless\u00e9s et 526 morts. Ils sont beaucoup plus petits qu'il y a dix ans. En 2011, il y a eu 22 200 accidents, avec 12 400 bless\u00e9s et 740 morts.<\/p>\n

Les organisations ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre des interventions<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les contrats de concession actuels pour l'anneau d'int\u00e9gration du Paran\u00e1, qui comprend 2 500 kilom\u00e8tres, datent de 1997 et expirent en novembre de la m\u00eame ann\u00e9e. Lors de leur signature, il n'y avait toujours aucune mention d'\u00ab autoroutes indulgentes \u00bb, mais des investissements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s tout au long de la p\u00e9riode de concession, visant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Plusieurs actions qui n'\u00e9taient pas pr\u00e9vues dans le contrat ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es, comme la surveillance par cam\u00e9ra par exemple \u00bb, explique Tha\u00eds Caroline Borges, PDG de CCR RodoNorte. \u00ab Le contrat nous donne une direction, mais nous ne pouvons pas continuer \u00e0 fonctionner comme nous avons commenc\u00e9 \u00bb, pr\u00e9cise-t-il. Elle informe que sur les tron\u00e7ons sous la responsabilit\u00e9 de Rodonorte (Curitiba \u00e0 Apucarana et Ponta Grossa \u00e0 Jaguaria\u00edva), le taux d'accidents a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit de 73% et le taux de mortalit\u00e9 de 82% depuis le d\u00e9but de la concession jusqu'\u00e0 fin 2020.<\/p>\n

Ecovia indique que la r\u00e9duction des accidents sur les tron\u00e7ons o\u00f9 elle op\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 de 55,8% depuis le d\u00e9but de la concession. Entre 1998 et 2020, plus de 940 millions de R$ ($178 millions de dollars) (valeurs \u00e0 partir de 2020) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 investis dans l'am\u00e9lioration et la maintenance, y compris les dispositifs de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la signalisation horizontale et verticale. Une zone d'\u00e9chappement pour camions a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 mise en place au km 37 de la BR-277, qui relie Curitiba \u00e0 la c\u00f4te.<\/p>\n

Arteris, qui administre trois concessions routi\u00e8res f\u00e9d\u00e9rales avec des tron\u00e7ons en exploitation dans le Paran\u00e1 (R\u00e9gis Bittencourt, Planalto Sul et Litoral Sul) indique qu'entre 2010 et 2020, il y a eu une r\u00e9duction des d\u00e9c\u00e8s de 42,3% (Litoral Sul), 56% (R\u00e9gis Bittencourt) et 66% (Plateau Sud).<\/p>\n

Des \u00e9quipements de protection et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 tels que des barri\u00e8res en b\u00e9ton, des att\u00e9nuateurs d'impact et deux zones d'\u00e9vacuation ont \u00e9t\u00e9 install\u00e9s, tous deux sur la BR-376, qui relie Curitiba \u00e0 la c\u00f4te de Santa Catarina.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

iRAP Remarque\u00a0: iRAP f\u00e9licite l'Autorit\u00e9 du Parana pour ce leadership politique qui sauve des vies. Le Paran\u00e1 est un \u00c9tat important du Br\u00e9sil, g\u00e9ographiquement environ la moiti\u00e9 de la taille du Paraguay et avec d'importants investissements dans les infrastructures routi\u00e8res. Il y a plus de 2 500 km de concessions qui ont commenc\u00e9 en 1997 et se terminent en novembre de cette ann\u00e9e.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Photo caption: BR-277 escape area, towards Curitiba-Litoral. (Guilherme Pupo\/Ecovia). Reproduced with an English translation from Gazeta Do Povo. Story by Elvira Fantin. A new concept is being applied in Brazil […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":47788,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[149,229,358,518,279],"class_list":["post-47820","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-brazil","tag-brazilrap","tag-concession","tag-parana","tag-policy"],"yoast_head":"\nParana's State Highways in Brazil to be 3-star or better - iRAP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/irap.org\/fr\/2021\/08\/paranas-state-highways-in-brazil-to-be-3-star-or-better\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Parana's State Highways in Brazil to be 3-star or better - iRAP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Photo caption: BR-277 escape area, towards Curitiba-Litoral. (Guilherme Pupo\/Ecovia). Reproduced with an English translation from Gazeta Do Povo. Story by Elvira Fantin. 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