{"id":64897,"date":"2023-05-18T19:00:52","date_gmt":"2023-05-18T18:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/irap.org\/?p=64897"},"modified":"2023-07-29T19:09:55","modified_gmt":"2023-07-29T18:09:55","slug":"oecd-development-matters-beyond-fatalities-the-hidden-health-burden-of-unsafe-roads","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/irap.org\/es\/2023\/05\/oecd-development-matters-beyond-fatalities-the-hidden-health-burden-of-unsafe-roads\/","title":{"rendered":"El desarrollo de la OCDE es importante: m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de las muertes, la carga sanitaria oculta de las carreteras inseguras"},"content":{"rendered":"

Art\u00edculo reproducido de OECD Development Matters, 17 de mayo de 2023<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Por Nneka Henry, Directora del Fondo de Seguridad Vial de la ONU y Rob McInerney, Director Ejecutivo del Programa Internacional de Evaluaci\u00f3n de Carreteras (iRAP)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Mucho despu\u00e9s de que el mundo se recupere de la pandemia de COVID-19, otra crisis de salud requerir\u00e1 atenci\u00f3n urgente: la crisis mundial de seguridad vial. Si bien el n\u00famero de muertes resultantes de los accidentes de tr\u00e1fico asciende a la alarmante cifra de 1,3 millones cada a\u00f1o, solo ara\u00f1a la superficie del problema.<\/p>\n

La carga para la salud de las carreteras inseguras se extiende mucho m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de las fatalidades, con lesiones que cambian la vida y afectan hasta a 50 millones de personas cada a\u00f1o. Esta semana marca el 7.\u00aa Semana Mundial de la Seguridad Vial de las Naciones Unidas<\/a>, y est\u00e1 claro que los gobiernos y los ciudadanos deben tomar nuevas medidas para hacer que la movilidad sea m\u00e1s segura y sostenible.<\/p>\n

Es m\u00e1s que vidas perdidas en el camino<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Por cada accidente de tr\u00e1fico, hay muchos m\u00e1s, en su mayor\u00eda j\u00f3venes en la flor de la vida, que sufren lesiones no mortales. De acuerdo con la Explorador de conocimientos de seguridad iRAP<\/a>, m\u00e1s de 4 millones de personas sufren lesiones cerebrales; alrededor de 400.000 quedan paralizados o sufren lesiones en la columna; y m\u00e1s de 9.000 quedan ciegos cada a\u00f1o. Estas lesiones que alteran la vida pueden significar la diferencia entre tener un trabajo y perderlo, caminar o estar confinado a la cama de por vida, e incluso poder tener hijos.<\/p>\n

El costo de no invertir en seguridad<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Adem\u00e1s del da\u00f1o f\u00edsico y psicol\u00f3gico, los accidentes de tr\u00e1fico tambi\u00e9n tienen graves consecuencias para los ya sobrecargados sistemas de salud y para las muchas familias que a menudo comparten la carga de cuidar a los heridos. El costo de tratar las lesiones en la carretera y brindar atenci\u00f3n y rehabilitaci\u00f3n continuas puede ser exorbitante. Este es particularmente el caso en los pa\u00edses de ingresos bajos y medianos (LMIC, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s), donde muchos sistemas de salud no cuentan con fondos suficientes y est\u00e1n mal equipados para manejar este tipo de emergencias.<\/p>\n

Por \u00faltimo, los accidentes de tr\u00e1fico exacerban las desigualdades, ya que los usuarios de la v\u00eda m\u00e1s vulnerables, como peatones, ciclistas y motociclistas, suelen ser los m\u00e1s afectados por las carreteras inseguras. En los pa\u00edses de ingresos bajos y medianos, donde las deficiencias de la infraestructura vial son mayores, la carga de los accidentes viales recae de manera desproporcionada sobre las comunidades pobres y marginadas. Por ejemplo, en LMICs, 83% de viaje para peatones est\u00e1 en infraestructura insegura de 1 a 2 estrellas<\/strong> (donde 5 estrellas se ubica como el m\u00e1s seguro). Del mismo modo, 85% de viaje para ciclistas y 71% de viaje para personas en motocicletas est\u00e1 en carreteras de alto riesgo de 1 o 2 estrellas<\/strong>. Por el contrario, en los pa\u00edses de ingresos altos, 64% de viaje para peatones est\u00e1 en Infraestructura de 1 o 2 estrellas<\/strong> y 63% de recorrido para ciclistas y 86% de recorrido para motociclistas es en carreteras de 1 o 2 estrellas.<\/p>\n

Est\u00e1 claro que las consecuencias para la salud de esta 'pandemia sobre ruedas' se extienden mucho m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de las muertes y exigen acci\u00f3n y financiaci\u00f3n urgentes. Los efectos domin\u00f3 causados por los accidentes de tr\u00e1fico podr\u00edan prevenirse sustancialmente con una cantidad modesta de financiaci\u00f3n catal\u00edtica y sostenida que genere altos rendimientos.<\/p>\n

Peque\u00f1as cantidades movilizan grandes resultados<\/strong><\/h3>\n

El concepto de peque\u00f1os fondos que logran grandes resultados no es nuevo en la agenda de la movilidad. El Fondo de seguridad vial de la ONU<\/a><\/strong>, que lanz\u00f3 su primer conjunto de proyectos en los meses anteriores a la pandemia de COVID-19, ha demostrado c\u00f3mo cantidades relativamente peque\u00f1as de financiamiento para pa\u00edses de ingresos bajos y medianos pueden generar cambios significativos en la seguridad vial. Desde est\u00e1ndares para cascos de veh\u00edculos y motocicletas y licencias de conducir, hasta servicios m\u00e9dicos de emergencia e infraestructura segura para proteger a peatones y ciclistas, la cartera de socios implementadores acreditados del Fondo, que incluye iRAP, est\u00e1 ayudando a cambiar aspectos cr\u00edticos de los sistemas de seguridad vial en cerca de 50 pa\u00edses. .<\/p>\n

Dicho financiamiento por parte del Fondo de Seguridad Vial de las Naciones Unidas y sus socios puede acelerar los cambios institucionales necesarios para que los donantes internacionales y las agencias nacionales inviertan en mejorar la seguridad vial, de acuerdo con los objetivos globales. Al mismo tiempo, construye el caso de negocios para una mayor inversi\u00f3n que salva vidas y reduce las lesiones.<\/p>\n

Los objetivos globales salvan vidas y costos<\/strong><\/h3>\n

En reconocimiento de este impacto basado en evidencia, los Estados miembros de la ONU han acordado 12 objetivos globales de desempe\u00f1o en seguridad vial<\/strong><\/a> que incluyen aumentar la seguridad de la infraestructura vial. Garantizar que al menos el 75% de los viajes existentes para todos los usuarios de la carretera alcance el est\u00e1ndar global de 3 estrellas o mejor para 2030 salvar m\u00e1s de 95 millones de muertes y lesiones graves<\/a><\/strong> durante los 20 a\u00f1os de vida de los tratamientos solo en LMIC.<\/p>\n

Alcanzar el objetivo de la ONU para m\u00e1s de 75% de viaje<\/a><\/strong> estar en carreteras de 3 estrellas o mejores para todos los usuarios para 2030 reducir\u00e1 las muertes y las lesiones graves durante los 20 a\u00f1os de vida de las carreteras<\/strong><\/a>. En los pr\u00f3ximos meses, el enviado especial del secretario general de la ONU para la seguridad vial, Jean Todt, se reunir\u00e1 con l\u00edderes de todo el mundo, incluidos Bangladesh y Paraguay, que tienen algunas de las tasas de muertes y lesiones en carretera m\u00e1s altas del mundo. Las discusiones se centrar\u00e1n en c\u00f3mo disminuir la carga cada vez mayor que imponen en sus econom\u00edas y los beneficios de los planes de acci\u00f3n de seguridad vial a largo plazo y la inversi\u00f3n sostenible.<\/p>\n

Todos somos usuarios de la carretera y, juntos, podemos hacer frente a la crisis mundial de seguridad vial. El primer paso es exponer la carga de salud oculta de las carreteras inseguras; el segundo es trabajar juntos para hacer que nuestros caminos sean seguros para que todos los usen. Al priorizar y defender la seguridad vial y al tomar medidas para prevenir lesiones y muertes, podemos crear un futuro m\u00e1s seguro y saludable para nosotros y las generaciones venideras.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Article reproduced from OECD Development Matters, 17 May 2023 By Nneka Henry, Head of the UN Road Safety Fund and Rob McInerney, Chief Executive Officer for the international Road Assessment […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":64899,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1175,1174,1059],"class_list":["post-64897","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general","tag-insights-explorer","tag-oecd-matters","tag-unrsf"],"yoast_head":"\nOECD Development Matters: Beyond Fatalities, the Hidden Health Burden of Unsafe Roads - 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