{"id":47820,"date":"2021-08-11T23:56:57","date_gmt":"2021-08-11T22:56:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/irap.org\/?p=47820"},"modified":"2023-09-25T00:41:57","modified_gmt":"2023-09-24T23:41:57","slug":"paranas-state-highways-in-brazil-to-be-3-star-or-better","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/irap.org\/es\/2021\/08\/paranas-state-highways-in-brazil-to-be-3-star-or-better\/","title":{"rendered":"Las carreteras estatales de Paran\u00e1 en Brasil ser\u00e1n de 3 estrellas o mejor"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pie de foto: Zona de evacuaci\u00f3n BR-277, hacia Curitiba-Litoral. (Guilherme Pupo \/ Ecovia).<\/em>
\nReproducido con una traducci\u00f3n al ingl\u00e9s de Gazeta Do Povo<\/a>. Historia de Elvira Fantin.<\/strong><\/p>\n

En Brasil y Paran\u00e1 se est\u00e1 aplicando un nuevo concepto para mejorar la seguridad vial y reducir accidentes y muertes: \u201ccarreteras perdonables\u201d. La propuesta es minimizar el impacto del error humano con la construcci\u00f3n de \u00e1reas de escape, instalaci\u00f3n de barreras de seguridad y l\u00edneas de vibraci\u00f3n, entre otras intervenciones. En caso de que un conductor se equivoque, puede contar con los recursos que ofrece la carretera para evitar el choque o, al menos, minimizar sus consecuencias.<\/p>\n

La pr\u00e1ctica comenz\u00f3 hace unos 40 a\u00f1os y ya es com\u00fan en pa\u00edses m\u00e1s avanzados, pero en Brasil el concepto solo lleg\u00f3 en 2018, y el escenario est\u00e1 lejos de ser ideal, seg\u00fan un an\u00e1lisis de la Confederaci\u00f3n Nacional de Tr\u00e1fico (CNT). Un estudio realizado por la entidad muestra que, en 2020, los costos de los choques en las carreteras federales del pa\u00eds correspondieron a R$ 10,2 mil millones (USD $1,94 mil millones), mientras que las inversiones para evitarlos fueron de solo R$ 6,7 mil millones (USD$1.27 mil millones).<\/p>\n

En diez a\u00f1os, todas las carreteras otorgadas por el PR ser\u00e1n de 3 estrellas o mejor<\/strong><\/p>\n

Esta imagen promete cambiar. En Paran\u00e1, acciones efectivas dentro del concepto de \u201ccarreteras perdonables\u201d ya est\u00e1n en los nuevos contratos de concesi\u00f3n, que entrar\u00e1n en vigencia a partir de 2022. \u201cAl final del primer a\u00f1o de concesi\u00f3n, todas las carreteras deber\u00e1n ser clasificadas al menos como ' 2 estrellas 'y, en diez a\u00f1os, tendr\u00e1n que ir al menos a' 3 estrellas '\u201d, dice Marcello Costa, secretario nacional de transporte terrestre del Ministerio de Infraestructura.<\/p>\n

A partir de ah\u00ed, seg\u00fan el secretario Costa, se har\u00e1n planes para aumentar los requisitos a 4 y 5 estrellas. La calificaci\u00f3n va de 1 a 5 estrellas, seg\u00fan las condiciones de seguridad vial siguiendo est\u00e1ndares reconocidos por las Naciones Unidas (ONU). \u201cTrajimos el concepto a Brasil y lo asumimos como una pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica\u201d, dice el secretario.<\/p>\n

\u201cSe producir\u00e1n errores humanos y las carreteras tienen que perdonar estos errores, estando equipadas con dispositivos de audio, se\u00f1alizaci\u00f3n e infraestructura que reduzcan las posibilidades y la gravedad de los choques\u201d, se\u00f1ala.<\/p>\n

Todo el trabajo sigue el Metodolog\u00eda iRAP<\/a>, desarrollado internacionalmente para inspeccionar carreteras de alto riesgo y reducir accidentes. En el caso de las carreteras de Paran\u00e1, las primeras necesidades ya han sido identificadas y ser\u00e1n identificadas en los contratos. Pero, adem\u00e1s, las concesionarias se comprometer\u00e1n, en el primer a\u00f1o de concesi\u00f3n, a realizar un diagn\u00f3stico m\u00e1s detallado se\u00f1alando otras demandas.<\/p>\n

\u201cSer\u00e1 un avance\u201d, dice Jo\u00e3o Arthur Mohr, gerente de Asuntos Estrat\u00e9gicos de la Federaci\u00f3n de Industrias de Paran\u00e1 (Fiep). \u201cLos concesionarios se ver\u00e1n obligados a invertir en seguridad dentro de este concepto de 'carreteras indulgentes'. Antes no exist\u00eda tal requisito \u201d, observa.<\/p>\n

Adem\u00e1s de las carreteras otorgadas, la Uni\u00f3n invertir\u00e1 en carreteras federales que no tienen peaje y la expectativa es que los estados tambi\u00e9n hagan lo mismo. En Paran\u00e1, el mes pasado, el DER lanz\u00f3 el aviso p\u00fablico del Programa de Seguridad Vial en Carreteras Estatales (Proseg Paran\u00e1), que prev\u00e9 una inversi\u00f3n de 70 millones de R$ (USD$13,3 millones) en seguridad a lo largo de 10.000 kil\u00f3metros.<\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan Hugo Alexander Martins Pereira, especialista en planificaci\u00f3n y gesti\u00f3n del tr\u00e1fico y profesor de la Universidade Positivo, el concepto de \u201ccarreteras indulgentes\u201d debe combinarse con las condiciones de las carreteras y una campa\u00f1a de educaci\u00f3n. \u201cLas buenas pr\u00e1cticas y esta metodolog\u00eda han mostrado buenos resultados en varios pa\u00edses\u201d, dice.<\/p>\n

Otro experto en el tema, el profesor de doctorado en ingenier\u00eda de transportes de la UFPR, Jorge Tiago Bastos, clasifica como muy importante el mantenimiento vial, arcenes y bordes pavimentados libres de cualquier obst\u00e1culo, como \u00e1rboles, postes, muros y pendientes.<\/p>\n

\u201cEsto es m\u00e1s que un \u00e1rea de escape, es una forma en que el conductor tiene suficiente espacio para recuperar de manera segura el control del veh\u00edculo\u201d, dice. Seg\u00fan \u00e9l, esta soluci\u00f3n est\u00e1 prevista, pero no siempre ser\u00e1 posible y, en este caso, las zonas de evacuaci\u00f3n y barreras de seguridad tambi\u00e9n son importantes.<\/p>\n

Bastos dice que las condiciones de las carreteras en el estado y en el pa\u00eds son muy diferentes. \u201cHay tramos muy seguros y otros no\u201d, observa. Bastos reconoce que \u201cse han producido muchos avances en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, pero a\u00fan queda mucho por hacer\u201d.<\/p>\n

El n\u00famero de accidentes en las carreteras federales de Paran\u00e1, en 2020, seg\u00fan la Polic\u00eda Federal de Carreteras, fue de 7.100, con 7.400 heridos y 526 muertos. Son mucho m\u00e1s peque\u00f1os que hace diez a\u00f1os. En 2011, hubo 22.200 accidentes, con 12.400 heridos y 740 muertos.<\/p>\n

Las organizaciones ya han comenzado a implementar intervenciones<\/strong><\/p>\n

Los actuales contratos de concesi\u00f3n del Anillo de Integraci\u00f3n de Paran\u00e1, que comprende 2.500 kil\u00f3metros, datan de 1997 y vencen en noviembre de ese a\u00f1o. Cuando se firmaron, a\u00fan no se mencionaba \u201ccarreteras de perd\u00f3n\u201d, pero se realizaron inversiones durante todo el per\u00edodo de concesi\u00f3n, con el objetivo de seguridad.<\/p>\n

\u201cSe llevaron a cabo varias acciones que no estaban previstas en el contrato, como el monitoreo con c\u00e1maras, por ejemplo\u201d, dice Tha\u00eds Caroline Borges, CEO de CCR RodoNorte. \u201cEl contrato nos da un rumbo, pero no podemos seguir operando como empezamos\u201d, se\u00f1ala. Informa que en los tramos a cargo de Rodonorte (Curitiba a Apucarana y Ponta Grossa a Jaguaria\u00edva), la tasa de choques se redujo en 73% y la tasa de muerte en 82% desde el inicio de la concesi\u00f3n hasta fines de 2020.<\/p>\n

Ecovia dice que la reducci\u00f3n de choques en los tramos donde opera ha sido de 55.8% desde el inicio de la concesi\u00f3n. Entre 1998 y 2020, se invirtieron m\u00e1s de R$ 940 millones (USD$178 millones) (valores de 2020) en mejora y mantenimiento, incluidos dispositivos de seguridad y se\u00f1alizaci\u00f3n horizontal y vertical. Tambi\u00e9n se implement\u00f3 un \u00e1rea de escape para camiones en el km 37 de la BR-277, que conecta Curitiba con la costa.<\/p>\n

Arteris, que administra tres concesiones viales federales con tramos en operaci\u00f3n en Paran\u00e1 (R\u00e9gis Bittencourt, Planalto Sul y Litoral Sul) informa que entre 2010 y 2020, hubo una reducci\u00f3n de muertes de 42.3% (Litoral Sul), 56% (R\u00e9gis Bittencourt) y 66% (meseta sur).<\/p>\n

Se instalaron equipos de protecci\u00f3n y seguridad como barreras de concreto, atenuadores de impactos y dos \u00e1reas de escape, ambos en la BR-376, que conecta Curitiba con la costa de Santa Catarina.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

iRAP Nota: iRAP felicita a la Autoridad de Paran\u00e1 por esta pol\u00edtica de liderazgo que salva vidas. Paran\u00e1 es un estado importante en Brasil, geogr\u00e1ficamente alrededor de la mitad del tama\u00f1o de Paraguay y con grandes inversiones en infraestructura vial. Hay m\u00e1s de 2.500km de concesiones que comenzaron en 1997 y terminan en noviembre de este a\u00f1o.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Photo caption: BR-277 escape area, towards Curitiba-Litoral. (Guilherme Pupo\/Ecovia). Reproduced with an English translation from Gazeta Do Povo. Story by Elvira Fantin. A new concept is being applied in Brazil […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":47788,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[149,229,358,518,279],"class_list":["post-47820","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-brazil","tag-brazilrap","tag-concession","tag-parana","tag-policy"],"yoast_head":"\nParana's State Highways in Brazil to be 3-star or better - iRAP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/irap.org\/es\/2021\/08\/paranas-state-highways-in-brazil-to-be-3-star-or-better\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Parana's State Highways in Brazil to be 3-star or better - iRAP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Photo caption: BR-277 escape area, towards Curitiba-Litoral. 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