{"id":2759,"date":"2021-08-11T22:56:57","date_gmt":"2021-08-11T12:56:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress.temp.irap-dev.org\/paranas-state-highways-in-brazil-to-be-3-star-or-better\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T12:38:12","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T02:38:12","slug":"paranas-state-highways-in-brazil-to-be-3-star-or-better","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/irap.org\/es\/paranas-state-highways-in-brazil-to-be-3-star-or-better\/","title":{"rendered":"Las carreteras estatales de Paran\u00e1 en Brasil ser\u00e1n de 3 estrellas o mejor."},"content":{"rendered":"

Pie de foto: Zona de escape BR-277, hacia Curitiba-Litoral. (Guilherme Pupo\/Ecov\u00eda).<\/em>
\nReproducido con una traducci\u00f3n al ingl\u00e9s de Gazeta Do Povo<\/a>. Historia de Elvira Fantin.<\/strong><\/p>\n

En Brasil y Paran\u00e1 se est\u00e1 implementando un nuevo concepto para mejorar la seguridad vial y reducir accidentes y muertes: las \u201cautopistas indulgentes\u201d. La propuesta busca minimizar el impacto del error humano mediante la construcci\u00f3n de zonas de escape, la instalaci\u00f3n de barreras de seguridad y l\u00edneas vibratorias, entre otras intervenciones. En caso de que un conductor cometa un error, puede contar con los recursos que ofrece la carretera para evitar el choque o, al menos, minimizar sus consecuencias.<\/p>\n

Esta pr\u00e1ctica comenz\u00f3 hace unos 40 a\u00f1os y ya es com\u00fan en pa\u00edses m\u00e1s desarrollados, pero en Brasil el concepto lleg\u00f3 reci\u00e9n en 2018, y el panorama dista mucho de ser ideal, seg\u00fan un an\u00e1lisis de la Confederaci\u00f3n Nacional de Tr\u00e1nsito (CNT). Un estudio realizado por la entidad muestra que, en 2020, los costos de los accidentes en las carreteras federales del pa\u00eds correspondieron a R$ 10.2 mil millones (USD $ 1.94 mil millones), mientras que las inversiones para evitarlos fueron de solo R$ 6.7 mil millones (USD $ 1.27 mil millones).<\/p>\n

En diez a\u00f1os, todas las autopistas otorgadas por la PR tendr\u00e1n 3 estrellas o m\u00e1s.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Este panorama promete cambiar. En Paran\u00e1, las medidas efectivas dentro del concepto de \u201ccarreteras sostenibles\u201d ya est\u00e1n contempladas en los nuevos contratos de concesi\u00f3n, que entrar\u00e1n en vigor a partir de 2022. \u201cAl finalizar el primer a\u00f1o de concesi\u00f3n, todas las carreteras deber\u00e1n estar clasificadas como m\u00ednimo con \u20182 estrellas\u2019 y, en diez a\u00f1os, deber\u00e1n alcanzar al menos \u20183 estrellas\u2019\u201d, afirma Marcello Costa, secretario nacional de transporte terrestre del Ministerio de Infraestructura.<\/p>\n

A partir de ah\u00ed, seg\u00fan el secretario Costa, se elaborar\u00e1n planes para aumentar los requisitos a 4 y 5 estrellas. La calificaci\u00f3n va de 1 a 5 estrellas, seg\u00fan las condiciones de seguridad vial, de acuerdo con los est\u00e1ndares reconocidos por las Naciones Unidas (ONU). \u201cTrajimos el concepto a Brasil y lo asumimos como pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica\u201d, afirma el secretario.<\/p>\n

\u201cLos errores humanos son inevitables y las autopistas deben estar preparadas para afrontarlos, equip\u00e1ndose con dispositivos de audio, se\u00f1alizaci\u00f3n e infraestructura que reduzcan las probabilidades y la gravedad de los accidentes\u201d, se\u00f1ala.<\/p>\n

Todo el trabajo sigue el Metodolog\u00eda iRAP<\/a>, Desarrollado internacionalmente para inspeccionar carreteras de alto riesgo y reducir accidentes. En el caso de las autopistas del Paran\u00e1, las primeras necesidades ya se han identificado y se detallar\u00e1n en los contratos. Adem\u00e1s, durante el primer a\u00f1o de la concesi\u00f3n, los concesionarios se comprometer\u00e1n a realizar un diagn\u00f3stico m\u00e1s exhaustivo que se\u00f1ale otras necesidades.<\/p>\n

\u201cSer\u00e1 un avance\u201d, afirma Jo\u00e3o Arthur Mohr, gerente de Asuntos Estrat\u00e9gicos de la Federaci\u00f3n de Industrias de Paran\u00e1 (Fiep). \u201cLos concesionarios se ver\u00e1n obligados a invertir en seguridad dentro de este concepto de \u2018autopistas seguras\u2019. Antes no exist\u00eda tal requisito\u201d, se\u00f1ala.<\/p>\n

Adem\u00e1s de las autopistas adjudicadas, la Uni\u00f3n invertir\u00e1 en carreteras federales sin peaje y se espera que los estados hagan lo mismo. En Paran\u00e1, el mes pasado, el DER lanz\u00f3 la convocatoria p\u00fablica del Programa de Seguridad Vial para Carreteras Estatales (Proseg Paran\u00e1), que prev\u00e9 una inversi\u00f3n de 70 millones de reales (13,3 millones de d\u00f3lares) en seguridad a lo largo de 10.000 kil\u00f3metros.<\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan Hugo Alexander Martins Pereira, especialista en gesti\u00f3n y planificaci\u00f3n del tr\u00e1fico y profesor de la Universidade Positivo, el concepto de \u201cautopistas seguras\u201d debe combinarse con el estado de las carreteras y una campa\u00f1a educativa. \u201cLas buenas pr\u00e1cticas y esta metodolog\u00eda han dado buenos resultados en varios pa\u00edses\u201d, afirma.<\/p>\n

Otro experto en la materia, Jorge Tiago Bastos, profesor de doctorado en ingenier\u00eda de transporte de la UFPR, considera muy importante el mantenimiento de las carreteras, con arcenes y m\u00e1rgenes pavimentados libres de cualquier obst\u00e1culo, como \u00e1rboles, postes, muros y taludes.<\/p>\n

\u201cEsto es m\u00e1s que una zona de escape; es una forma de que el conductor tenga suficiente espacio para recuperar el control del veh\u00edculo de forma segura\u201d, afirma. Seg\u00fan \u00e9l, esta soluci\u00f3n est\u00e1 prevista, pero no siempre ser\u00e1 posible y, en este caso, las zonas de escape y las barreras de seguridad tambi\u00e9n son importantes.<\/p>\n

Bastos afirma que el estado de las carreteras en el estado y en el resto del pa\u00eds es muy diferente. \u201cHay tramos muy seguros y otros no\u201d, observa. Bastos reconoce que \u201cse han logrado muchos avances en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, pero a\u00fan queda mucho por hacer\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan la Polic\u00eda Federal de Carreteras, en 2020 se registraron 7100 accidentes en las carreteras federales de Paran\u00e1, con 7400 heridos y 526 fallecidos. Estas cifras son mucho menores que las de hace diez a\u00f1os. En 2011, se registraron 22 200 accidentes, con 12 400 heridos y 740 fallecidos.<\/p>\n

Las organizaciones ya han comenzado a implementar intervenciones.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Los contratos de concesi\u00f3n vigentes para el Anillo de Integraci\u00f3n del Paran\u00e1, que abarca 2.500 kil\u00f3metros, datan de 1997 y vencen en noviembre de ese mismo a\u00f1o. Cuando se firmaron, a\u00fan no se mencionaba la construcci\u00f3n de "carreteras seguras", pero se realizaron inversiones durante todo el per\u00edodo de concesi\u00f3n con el objetivo de mejorar la seguridad vial.<\/p>\n

\u201cSe llevaron a cabo varias acciones no contempladas en el contrato, como la vigilancia mediante c\u00e1maras, por ejemplo\u201d, afirma Tha\u00eds Caroline Borges, directora general de CCR RodoNorte. \u201cEl contrato nos da una direcci\u00f3n, pero no podemos seguir operando como empezamos\u201d, se\u00f1ala. Informa que en los tramos bajo la responsabilidad de RodoNorte (de Curitiba a Apucarana y de Ponta Grossa a Jaguaria\u00edva), la tasa de accidentes se redujo en 73% y la tasa de mortalidad en 82% desde el inicio de la concesi\u00f3n hasta finales de 2020.<\/p>\n

Ecovia afirma que la reducci\u00f3n de accidentes en los tramos donde opera ha sido de 55,81 TP8T desde el inicio de la concesi\u00f3n. Entre 1998 y 2020, se invirtieron m\u00e1s de R$ 940 millones (USD$178 millones) (valores de 2020) en mejoras y mantenimiento, incluyendo dispositivos de seguridad y se\u00f1alizaci\u00f3n horizontal y vertical. Tambi\u00e9n se implement\u00f3 un \u00e1rea de escape para camiones en el km 37 de la BR-277, que conecta Curitiba con la costa.<\/p>\n

Arteris, que administra tres concesiones de carreteras federales con segmentos en operaci\u00f3n en Paran\u00e1 (R\u00e9gis Bittencourt, Planalto Sul y Litoral Sul), informa que entre 2010 y 2020 hubo una reducci\u00f3n en las muertes de 42.3% (Litoral Sul), 56% (R\u00e9gis Bittencourt) y 66% (Meseta Sur).<\/p>\n

En la carretera BR-376, que conecta Curitiba con la costa de Santa Catarina, se instalaron equipos de protecci\u00f3n y seguridad, como barreras de hormig\u00f3n, atenuadores de impacto y dos zonas de evacuaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nota de iRAP: iRAP felicita a la Autoridad de Paran\u00e1 por su liderazgo en pol\u00edticas que salvan vidas. Paran\u00e1 es un estado importante de Brasil, con una extensi\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica de aproximadamente la mitad de Paraguay y grandes inversiones en infraestructura vial. Existen m\u00e1s de 2500 km de concesiones que comenzaron en 1997 y finalizan en noviembre de este a\u00f1o.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Photo caption: BR-277 escape area, towards Curitiba-Litoral. (Guilherme Pupo\/Ecovia). Reproduced with an English translation from Gazeta Do Povo. Story by Elvira Fantin. A new concept is being applied in Brazil and Paran\u00e1 to improve road safety and reduce accidents and deaths: \u201cforgiving highways\u201d. The proposal is to minimize the impact of human error with the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":2756,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[41,42,58,313,100],"class_list":["post-2759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-global-news","tag-brazil","tag-brazilrap","tag-concession","tag-parana","tag-policy"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nParana's State Highways in Brazil to be 3-star or better - iRAP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/irap.org\/es\/paranas-state-highways-in-brazil-to-be-3-star-or-better\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Parana's State Highways in Brazil to be 3-star or better\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Photo caption: BR-277 escape area, towards Curitiba-Litoral. 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